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Dunning-Kruger Effect
One day, a man robbed two banks in broad daylight. He didn’t wear a mask or any sort of disguise. He even smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, he was arrested by the police. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, the robber stared in disbelief. “But I wore the juice,” he mumbled. Apparently, the robber thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would render him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didn’t come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.
The man was neither crazy nor on drugs, he was simply ill-informed.
This lead to two psychologists, Dunning and Kruger to do some research. Their studies have shown that people display illusory superiority. We judge ourselves as better than others to a degree that violates the laws of mathematics.
The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to the cognitive bias that leads a lot of people to assess their cognitive ability as greater than it actually is. It causes the least qualified to overestimate their skills and the most qualified to underestimate theirs.
The less you know about a subject, the less you know how much you don’t know, whereas when you truly master a subject, you know how rich and complex it is and how little you master it.
People who display high levels of incompetence within a field are unable to detect and acknowledge their incompetence and do not acknowledge other people’s competence. Typical instances of this would be on TV talent shows where some contestants truly believe they are very good singers when, in fact, they are terrible.
Another example of this was when software engineers at two companies were asked to rate their performance: 32% of the engineers at one company, and 42% at the other, put themselves in the top 5%.
Research also indicates that 80% of drivers believe their skills are above average, something that is statistically impossible for obvious reasons. People measurably poor at logical reasoning, grammar, financial knowledge, emotional intelligence and chess, to name but a few, all tend to rate their expertise almost as highly as actual experts do.
Socrates once said that his wisdom was knowing how much he did not know. It probably made very little sense at the time, but now it’s obvious just how wise he actually was. The overconfidence of the Dunning-Kruger effect is not simply about showing off. It is a genuine inability to see one’s own shortcomings.
One day, a man robbed two banks in broad daylight. He didn’t wear a mask or any sort of disguise. He even smiled at surveillance cameras before walking out of each bank. Later that night, he was arrested by the police. When they showed him the surveillance tapes, the robber stared in disbelief. “But I wore the juice,” he mumbled. Apparently, the robber thought that rubbing lemon juice on his skin would render him invisible to videotape cameras. After all, lemon juice is used as invisible ink so, as long as he didn’t come near a heat source, he should have been completely invisible.
The man was neither crazy nor on drugs, he was simply ill-informed.
This lead to two psychologists, Dunning and Kruger to do some research. Their studies have shown that people display illusory superiority. We judge ourselves as better than others to a degree that violates the laws of mathematics.
The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to the cognitive bias that leads a lot of people to assess their cognitive ability as greater than it actually is. It causes the least qualified to overestimate their skills and the most qualified to underestimate theirs.
The less you know about a subject, the less you know how much you don’t know, whereas when you truly master a subject, you know how rich and complex it is and how little you master it.
People who display high levels of incompetence within a field are unable to detect and acknowledge their incompetence and do not acknowledge other people’s competence. Typical instances of this would be on TV talent shows where some contestants truly believe they are very good singers when, in fact, they are terrible.
Another example of this was when software engineers at two companies were asked to rate their performance: 32% of the engineers at one company, and 42% at the other, put themselves in the top 5%.
Research also indicates that 80% of drivers believe their skills are above average, something that is statistically impossible for obvious reasons. People measurably poor at logical reasoning, grammar, financial knowledge, emotional intelligence and chess, to name but a few, all tend to rate their expertise almost as highly as actual experts do.
Socrates once said that his wisdom was knowing how much he did not know. It probably made very little sense at the time, but now it’s obvious just how wise he actually was. The overconfidence of the Dunning-Kruger effect is not simply about showing off. It is a genuine inability to see one’s own shortcomings.
Lihat TerjemahanSuatu hari, seorang pria merampok dua bank di siang hari bolong. Dia tidak memakai topeng atau penyamaran apa pun. Dia bahkan tersenyum pada kamera pengintai sebelum berjalan keluar dari setiap bank. Malamnya, dia ditangkap polisi. Ketika mereka menunjukkan kepadanya rekaman pengawasan, perampok itu menatap tak percaya. "Tapi aku memakai jus itu (lemon)," gumamnya. Rupanya, perampok berpikir bahwa mengoleskan jus lemon pada kulitnya akan membuatnya tidak terlihat oleh kamera video. Lagi pula, jus lemon digunakan sebagai tinta tak terlihat, jadi selama dia tidak mendekati sumber panas, dia seharusnya tidak terlihat sama sekali.Pria itu tidak gila atau menggunakan obat-obatan, dia hanya kurang informasi. Hal ini menyebabkan dua psikolog, Dunning dan Kruger melakukan penelitian. Studi mereka telah menunjukkan bahwa orang menampilkan superioritas ilusi. Kita menilai diri kita lebih baik daripada orang lain sampai tingkat yang melanggar hukum matematika. Efek Dunning-Kruger mengacu pada bias kognitif yang membuat banyak orang menilai kemampuan kognitif mereka lebih besar dari yang sebenarnya. Ini menyebabkan yang paling tidak memenuhi syarat untuk melebih-lebihkan keterampilan mereka dan yang paling memenuhi syarat untuk meremehkan keterampilan mereka. Semakin sedikit Anda tahu tentang suatu subjek, semakin sedikit Anda tahu seberapa banyak Anda tidak tahu, sedangkan ketika Anda benar-benar menguasai suatu subjek, Anda tahu betapa kaya dan kompleksnya itu dan betapa sedikit Anda menguasainya. Orang yang menunjukkan tingkat ketidakmampuan yang tinggi dalam suatu bidang tidak dapat mendeteksi dan mengakui ketidakmampuan mereka dan tidak mengakui kompetensi orang lain. Contoh khas dari hal ini adalah di acara pencarian bakat TV di mana beberapa kontestan benar-benar percaya bahwa mereka adalah penyanyi yang sangat baik padahal sebenarnya mereka buruk. Contoh lain dari hal ini adalah ketika insinyur perangkat lunak di dua perusahaan diminta untuk menilai kinerja mereka: 32% insinyur di satu perusahaan, dan 42% di perusahaan lain, menempatkan diri mereka di 5% teratas. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa 80% pengemudi percaya bahwa keterampilan mereka di atas rata-rata, sesuatu yang secara statistik tidak mungkin karena alasan yang jelas. Orang-orang yang sangat miskin dalam penalaran logis, tata bahasa, pengetahuan keuangan, kecerdasan emosional dan catur, itu hanya beberapa diantara banyak contoh lainnya, semua cenderung menilai keahlian mereka hampir setinggi para ahli sebenarnya. Socrates pernah berkata bahwa kebijaksanaannya adalah mengetahui seberapa banyak yang tidak dia ketahui. Mungkin sangat tidak masuk akal pada saat itu, tetapi sekarang jelas betapa bijaksananya dia sebenarnya. Terlalu percaya diri dari efek Dunning-Kruger bukan hanya tentang pamer. Ini adalah ketidakmampuan sejati untuk melihat kekurangan diri sendiri. |
Questions:
1. What is the double curse of the Dunning-Kruger effect?
2. Why do people think they know more than they do?
3. What in your opinion causes the Dunning-Kruger effect?
4. What do you think are the dangers of the Dunning-Kruger effect?
5. "He didn’t wear a mask or any sort of disguise." The meaning of underlined word is ...
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